Home Africa N. America S. East Oceania. East Oceania All the countries. Climate - Germany Average weather, temperature, rainfall, when to go, what to pack. The massifs of south-central Germany and the small portion of the Alps in the far south have a mountainous climate, which becomes of course colder as altitude increases.
Being that Germany is exposed to both mild air masses from the Atlantic Ocean and cold air masses from Russia or the North Pole, the weather is often unstable , with remarkable changes and different meteorological situations, such as cold, heat, wind, fog, snow, and thunderstorms. An average of 59,7mm of precipitation falls each month in Germany during spring, with 10,5 days having more than 1mm, and the sun shines for an average of 5,3 hours per day.
Multiple chilly springs were recorded between the mids and the mids, with the years , and being particularly cold. The warmest spring ever recorded in Germany took place in when the average temperature hit 10,62 degrees, a 2,9-degree deviation from the long-term average.
Since , every spring apart from , , and has been warmer than average. Astronomical summer begins on June 21, whereas meteorologically it is counted as the months of June, July and August. On average, temperatures in summer in Germany reach a balmy 16,4 degrees. July and August tend to be the hottest months with an average temperature of 17 and 16,9 degrees, respectively.
The sun shines for an average of seven hours per day but expect some thundery showers, too: the average rainfall is a whopping 76,8mm per month.
The coldest summer ever recorded in Germany was in , when it only reached a chilly 14,1 degrees on average. With ground frosts lingering until late in the spring and returning early in the autumn, crops were damaged and the harvest in Germany was particularly poor. With an average temperature of 19,7 degrees, the summer of was and still is the warmest summer ever recorded in Germany.
Of the top 10 warmest summers, only one took place in the first half of the 20th century: , with an average temperature of 18,5 degrees, was the second-hottest summer ever until the heatwaves of and overtook it, both with average summer temperatures of 19,3 degrees. Autumn, which begins astronomically on September 23, can be a mixed bag weatherwise. September usually has plenty of clear, sunny days, ablaze with colourful autumn foliage. By October and November the shorter, colder and greyer days start to settle in.
With an average temperature of 8,3 degrees, autumn in Germany is significantly colder than summer, although temperatures of up to 30 degrees in September are not unheard of. Other than for variations caused by shelter and elevation, the annual mean temperature is fairly constant throughout the country. Temperature extremes between night and day and summer and winter are considerably less in the north than in the south. During January, the coldest month, the average temperature is approximately 1.
In July, the warmest month, the situation reverses, and it is cooler in the north than in the south. Annual precipitation varies from 2, millimeters a year in the southern mountains to a low of millimeters in the vicinity of Mainz. Over most of the country, it averages between millimeters and millimeters per annum. Beginning in the late s, ecological concerns had become increasingly common in West Germany, as was repeatedly demonstrated in opinion polls. A poll, for example, found that more than 70 percent of those West Germans questioned held that environmental protection should be the highest priority for the government and the economy.
In East Germany, environmental activism was minimal. For decades the GDR had followed standard Soviet practices in regard to industrial and urban development, scrimping on or avoiding entirely key infrastructure investments such as water-treatment facilities and air-pollution abatement. The comprehensive and intelligent Socialist Environmental Management Act of was poorly implemented and, more important, largely ignored after the late s when East German authorities decided that Western economic growth could only be matched by sacrificing the environment.
This policy was followed throughout the s. West German environmental legislation initially lagged behind that of East Germany. For the first decades after World War II, West Germans were concerned with reconstructing their country and its economy. Early efforts to deal with the environment met with little interest. The attainment of widespread prosperity and the coming to maturity of a new generation with so-called postmaterialist values led to an interest in protecting the environment.
The late s and the early s saw the passage of several dozen laws relating to the environment, the most important of which were the Waste Disposal Law and the Emission Protection Law, both passed in In the Federal Environmental Agency was established.
The new legislation established the principles of Germany's environmental policies, still in effect in the mids: preventing pollution by monitoring new products and projects; requiring the polluter, rather than society at large, to pay damages; and relying on cooperation among government, industry, and society to protect the environment. The oil crisis of and the ensuing worldwide recession led to a tapering off of environmental activism on the part of the West German government and the political parties.
However, numerous citizens' groups formed and pressed for increased environmental protection see Citizens' Initiative Associations, ch. The accident at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant in the United States in also spurred the growth of such groups.
Of greatest importance were domestic ecological problems such as pollution in the Baltic Sea and the Rhine and Main rivers and damage to the country's forests from acid rain.
During the early s, concerns about the environment became widespread in the general population, and all political parties were forced to address them. These concerns were raised still higher by a series of ecological disasters in the accident at the nuclear plant at Chernobyl in the Soviet Union and serious spills of dangerous chemicals into the Rhine at Basel in Switzerland.
Stricter environmental controls led to marked improvements in air quality. Between and , sulfur dioxide emissions in West Germany fell by one-third.
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