Fats and oils are esters of three fatty acids and glycerol. The fatty acids are released hydrolysed from the glycerol by lipase. This results in two fatty acids and a monoglyceride. The next step is the formation of micelles. Micelles are water soluble aggregates of lipid molecules containing both polar and non-polar groups.
Molecules are grouped in the micelles in such a way that the polar groups are on the outside in contact with the aqueous phase, while non-polar parts form the inner lipid core of the micelles. Bile salts and monoglycerides aid as emulsifiers in the formation of micelles. Nutritional emulsifiers Bile salts are natural emulsifiers. The monoglycerides that are formed after hydrolysis of the fat also act as emulsifiers.
Nevertheless, the capacity of these natural emulsifiers can be a constraint for fat digestion. Young animals have a limited production of bile salts and therefore fat digestibility is premature in the early stage of life. On the other hand, the characteristics of dietary fat can restrict the digestibility.
Fatty acid mixtures with high amounts of free fatty acids lack the formation of monoglycerides and therefore have a lower emulsifying capacity. Long chain unsaturated fatty acids and monoglycerides form micelles promptly, whereas saturated fatty acids have lower ability to form micelles because of the low polarity.
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Oliver, A. Bile acids or bile salts are produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. When you eat a meal with fat , bile is released from your gallbladder into your digestive tract.
Bile has two sides:. Bile is made up of a steroid molecule, which comes from cholesterol, and a small side chain that has hydrophilic sections. Nutrition Nutrition Basics Fats. What Does Emulsify Fats Mean? By Adam Cloe Updated September 22, Example Question 7 : Understanding Emulsification. Possible Answers: globule. Correct answer: micelle. Explanation : Bile salts surround fat droplets in order to create micelles.
Example Question 8 : Understanding Emulsification. Possible Answers: trypsin. Correct answer: pancreatic lipase. Explanation : Once large fat clusters are broken down by bile salts to become smaller micelles, pancreatic lipase has more surface area to access fats. Copyright Notice. View AP Biology Tutors.
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